Behavioral Objectives

          Chapter 1

          Purdue griffin

          1. Define and/or identify:

          • Chiral carbon atom
          • Glycose
          • Aldose
          • Ketose
          • D sugar, L sugar
          • Isomer
          • Isomerization
          • Pyranose ring
          • Furanose ring
          • Axial positions
          • Equatorial positions
          • Acyclic monosaccharide chain
          • Glycoside
          • Aglycon
          • Conformation convention
          • Anomers
          • Hygroscopic
          • Humectant
          2. Identify and/or describe monosaccharides as to the kind of carbonyl group and number of carbon atoms, e.g., aldotetrose, octulose, etc.

          3. Give Fischer and specific anomeric furanose and pyranose ring structures (Haworth projections) for the following: L-arabinose, D- xylose, D-galactose, D-glucose,  D-mannose and D-fructose.

          4. Make interconversions between names, acyclic structures, Haworth ring structures, and/or conformational ring structures of the sugars listed in objective 3.

          5. Describe the chemical properties of hemiacetals and acetals.

          6. Show the interrelationships of D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-fructose via isomerization.

          7. Describe conditions under which isomerization occurs.

          8. When given the name of a glycoside of a sugar listed in objective 3, e.g., ethyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, give its chemical structure and vice versa.

          9.  Describe the two general conditions under which hydrolysis of glycosides occurs.

          10 Describe the relationship of carbohydrates to humectancy and water activity.

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          Web Authors: James R. Daniel, Ph. D. and J. N. BeMiller, Ph. D.
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